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AutoFS
AutoFS controls the operation of the automount(8) daemons running on the Linux system. Usually autofs is invoked at system boot time with the start parameter and at shutdown time with the stop parameter. The autofs script can also manually be invoked by the system administrator to shut down, restart or reload the automounters. Features: 1. Automatically mounts file systems (NFS, local, SMBFS, etc.) upon I/O request. It Features: 1. Just in time Mounting 2. Controlled by automountd daemon 3. Managed via autofs service 4. references map files to determine file systems to mount 5. Obviates the need to distribute root password to non privileged users Note: AutoFS must be running in order to auto-mount directories Note: Do NOT auto-mount directories that are already mounted On a linux system /etc/default/autofs contains configuration directives for autofs. On Solaris 10 and most Linux distros /etc/nsswitch.conf used to determine lookup location for automount. AutoFS defaults to permitting client to browse potential mount points. ---Direct mapping example-- Note: Direct mappings seamlessly merge remote exports with local directories #mount_point map_file mount_points I will describe how to use AutoFS on Solaris 10, Debian 5.x and an rpm based Linux distribution (OpenSuse 11.x) in this case.
On Solaris the file /etc/default/autofs contains configuration directives for autofs. AutoFS three types for mappings . 1. Master map - /etc/auto_master 2. Direct map - /etc/auto_direct - facilitates direct mappings 3. Indirect map - /etc/auto* - refrenced from /etc/auto_master 1. To check whether autofs is already installed on your system. #pkginfo -x | grep -i autofs SUNWatfsr AutoFS, (Root) SUNWatfsu AutoFS, (Usr) To view information on the autofs packages, the #pkginfo command is used. #pkginfo -l SUNWatfsr
PKGINST: SUNWatfsr
NAME: AutoFS, (Root)
CATEGORY: system
ARCH: i386
VERSION: 11.10.0,REV=2005.01.21.16.34
BASEDIR: /
VENDOR: Sun Microsystems, Inc.
DESC: configuration and start-up files for the AutoFS filesystem
PSTAMP: on10ptchfeatx20080227231335
INSTDATE: Dec 12 2008 04:40
HOTLINE: Please contact your local service provider
STATUS: completely installed
FILES: 15 installed pathnames
10 shared pathnames
10 directories
1 executables
13 blocks used (approx)
#pkginfo -l SUNWatfsu
PKGINST: SUNWatfsu
NAME: AutoFS, (Usr)
CATEGORY: system
ARCH: i386
VERSION: 11.10.0,REV=2005.01.21.16.34
BASEDIR: /
VENDOR: Sun Microsystems, Inc.
DESC: utilities and a daemon (automountd) for the AutoFS filesystem
PSTAMP: on10ptchfeatx20080227231335
INSTDATE: Dec 12 2008 04:40
HOTLINE: Please contact your local service provider
STATUS: completely installed
FILES: 13 installed pathnames
4 shared pathnames
6 directories
6 executables
408 blocks used (approx)
To the view files in each package the #pkgchk command is used. #pkgchk -v SUNWatfsu /usr /usr/lib /usr/lib/autofs /usr/lib/autofs/automountd /usr/lib/fs /usr/lib/fs/autofs /usr/lib/fs/autofs/automount /usr/lib/fs/autofs/dfshares /usr/lib/fs/autofs/mount /usr/lib/fs/autofs/share /usr/lib/fs/autofs/unshare /usr/sbin /usr/sbin/automount #pkgchk -v SUNWatfsr /etc /etc/auto_home /etc/auto_master /etc/default /etc/default/autofs /lib /lib/svc /lib/svc/method /lib/svc/method/svc-autofs /var /var/svc /var/svc/manifest /var/svc/manifest/system /var/svc/manifest/system/filesystem /var/svc/manifest/system/filesystem/autofs.xml 2. The file /etc/auto_master is always read by autofs(automountd daemon) and the file /etc/nsswitch.conf is used to determine lookup location for automount. #grep auto /etc/nsswitch.conf automount: files 3. To view the status of the autofs service on solaris the following command is used. #svcs -a | grep autofs online Jul_22 svc:/system/filesystem/autofs:default For more information on the service, the followimg command is used. #svcs -l autofs fmri svc:/system/filesystem/autofs:default name automounter enabled true state online next_state none state_time 22 July 2010 22:28:30 WEST logfile /var/svc/log/system-filesystem-autofs:default.log restarter svc:/system/svc/restarter:default contract_id 111 dependency require_all/none svc:/system/filesystem/local (online) dependency require_all/restart svc:/milestone/name-services (online) dependency optional_all/none svc:/network/nfs/client (online) dependency require_all/restart svc:/network/rpc/bind (online) For information on the PID the #ps command is used. #ps -ef | grep autofs
root 869 1 0 Jul 22 ? 0:00 /usr/lib/autofs/automountd
root 870 869 0 Jul 22 ? 0:04 /usr/lib/autofs/automountd
4. To create a share using autos a mount point is required in this case I'll create a directory /Music in the root directory. #mkdir /Music 5. Then for indirect sharing a mapping file /etc/auto_share is created in the /etc directory. This entry in the auto_master files points the /Music directory. The syntax for auto_mount files is as follows: <mount-point> <options> <location> Then in the /etc/auto_share file the following entry created, which creates a share mp3 in the /Music directory, the NFS mount share and any potential options. ###Export from Music NFS box share #### mp3 192.168.1.5:/Music -vers=3 6. A restart of the autofs service is then required. #svcadm restart autofs #echo $? Then view the exit status. 0 To view the status of the autofs daemon. #svcs -l autofs fmri svc:/system/filesystem/autofs:default name automounter enabled true state online next_state none state_time 17 August 2010 13:16:47 WEST logfile /var/svc/log/system-filesystem-autofs:default.log restarter svc:/system/svc/restarter:default contract_id 29903 dependency require_all/none svc:/system/filesystem/local (online) dependency require_all/restart svc:/milestone/name-services (online) dependency optional_all/none svc:/network/nfs/client (online) dependency require_all/restart svc:/network/rpc/bind (online) To view the log file for the autofs daemon. #tail /var/svc/log/system-filesystem-autofs\:default.log
umount: /Music busy
[ Aug 17 13:12:49 Method "stop" exited with status 0 ]
[ Aug 17 13:12:50 Executing start method ("/lib/svc/method/svc-autofs start") ]
[ Aug 17 13:12:50 Method "start" exited with status 0 ]
[ Aug 17 13:16:42 Stopping because service restarting. ]
[ Aug 17 13:16:42 Executing stop method ("/lib/svc/method/svc-autofs stop 29897") ]
umount: /Music busy
[ Aug 17 13:16:47 Method "stop" exited with status 0 ]
[ Aug 17 13:16:47 Executing start method ("/lib/svc/method/svc-autofs start") ]
[ Aug 17 13:16:47 Method "start" exited with status 0 ]
8. An ls -l of the /Music mount point returns, the mp3 share name. #ls -l /Music/ total 8 drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 4096 Jul 25 22:02 mp3 9. The contents of the mp3 directory reveals the contents of the remote NFS share. #ls -l /Music/mp3/ total 88 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jun 10 11:40 deb-packages drwx------ 2 root root 16384 Mar 21 12:28 lost+found -rwxrwxrwx 1 500 root 35 Mar 21 12:33 musix.txt drwxr-xr-x 274 root root 16384 Mar 23 04:35 SoulRnB drw-r-xr-x 11 root root 4096 Jul 3 23:21 Reggae 1. To check whether autofs is installed on your system. #rpm -qa | grep -i autofs autofs-5.0.3-82.28.1 To see more information on the autofs rpm. #rpm -qi autofs or #rpm -qa | grep -i autofs | xargs rpm -qi
Name : autofs Relocations: (not relocatable)
Version : 5.0.3 Vendor: openSUSE
Release : 82.28.1 Build Date: Wed 14 Jan 2009 13:07:40 GMT
Install Date: Wed 09 Jun 2010 14:37:24 BST Build Host: berg
Group : System/Daemons Source RPM: autofs-5.0.3-82.28.1.src.rpm
Size : 1353113 License: GPL v2 or later
Signature : RSA/8, Wed 14 Jan 2009 13:07:49 GMT, Key ID b88b2fd43dbdc284
Packager : http://bugs.opensuse.org
URL : http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/daemons/autofs/v5/
Summary : A Kernel-Based Automounter
Description :
Autofs is a kernel-based automounter for Linux. It is still under
development, although the features currently implemented seem to work
well. There is nowhere near enough documentation available yet. Help
in getting some written would be appreciated. This package replaces the
amd package.
Authors:
--------
H. Peter Anvin
2. The important files for configuring AutoFS are located in the /etc/ folder. These are the files, auto.master and the auto.share file. For indirect sharing an entry /home/skeng/remote-mount /etc/auto.shares is included. This maps the share referred to in the auto.shares file to the directory for the user skeng in the directory /home/skeng/remote-mount. #cat auto.master # # Sample auto.master file # This is an automounter map and it has the following format # key [ -mount-options-separated-by-comma ] location # For details of the format look at autofs(5). # #/misc /etc/auto.misc # ####AutoFS for Music shares#### /home/skeng/remote-mount /etc/auto.shares # NOTE: mounts done from a hosts map will be mounted with the # "nosuid" and "nodev" options unless the "suid" and "dev" # options are explicitly given. # #/net -hosts # # Include central master map if it can be found using # nsswitch sources. # # Note that if there are entries for /net or /misc (as # above) in the included master map any keys that are the # same will not be seen as the first read key seen takes # precedence. # +auto.master 3. The /etc/auto.share file is created from copying the /etc/auto.misc and the following entry created. The syntax for creating these shares is <mount-point> <options> <location> #cat auto.shares # # This is an automounter map and it has the following format # key [ -mount-options-separated-by-comma ] location # Details may be found in the autofs(5) manpage music -fstype=nfs 192.168.1.5:/Music #cd -fstype=iso9660,ro,nosuid,nodev :/dev/cdrom # the following entries are samples to pique your imagination #linux -ro,soft,intr ftp.example.org:/pub/linux #boot -fstype=ext2 :/dev/hda1 #floppy -fstype=auto :/dev/fd0 #floppy -fstype=ext2 :/dev/fd0 #e2floppy -fstype=ext2 :/dev/fd0 #jaz -fstype=ext2 :/dev/sdc1 #removable -fstype=ext2 :/dev/hdd Note: Do NOT auto-mount directories that are already mounted 4. To view the runtime levels for the autofs daemon we use the #chkconfig command. #chkconfig --list autofs autofs 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off To start the service on suse the #rcautofs command is used as root. On Fedora and Centos the command to start the services are /etc/init.d/autofs start and #service autofs start. #rcautofs status Checking for service automount running Options for the autofs daemon are show below. #/etc/init.d/autofs
Usage: /etc/init.d/autofs {start|stop|force-stop|status|try-restart|restart|force-reload|reload|force-expire}
6. The autofs feature set includes 1 Just in time Mounting. 2 Controlled by automountd daemon 3 Managed via autofs service 4 references map files to determine file systems to mount 5 Obviates the need to distribute root password to non privileged users The file /etc/default/autofs contains configuration directives for autofs. There are types of share options. 1. Master map - /etc/auto_master 2. Direct map - /etc/auto_direct - facilitates direct mappings 3. Indirect map - /etc/auto* - refrenced from /etc/auto_master 7. To view the mounted directive the mount command is used, this illustrates the mounted nfs share. #mount 192.168.1.5:/Music on /home/skeng/remote-mount/music type nfs (rw,addr=192.168.1.5,nfsvers=3,proto=tcp,mountproto=udp) 8. To view the NFS share on the local system. #ls -l remote-mount total 0 dr-xr-xr-x 2 root root 0 2010-08-21 16:45 music 9. Then listing the contents of the share name music. #ls -l /home/skeng/remote-mount/music/ total 44 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2010-06-10 11:40 deb-packages drwx------ 2 root root 16384 2010-03-21 12:28 lost+found -rwxrwxrwx 1 500 root 35 2010-03-21 12:33 musix.txt drwxr-xr-x 274 root root 16384 2010-03-23 04:35 SoulRnB drw-r-xr-x 11 root root 4096 2010-07-03 23:21 Reggae 1. To check whether autofs is installed. #dpkg -l | grep -i autofs 2. If it is not aleardy installed then locate and install the package from your install directory. #dpkg -i autofs Alternatively you may use #apt-cache search autofs afuse - automounting file system implemented in user-space using FUSE autofs-hesiod - Hesiod map support for autofs autofs-ldap - LDAP map support for autofs autofs - kernel-based automounter for Linux autofs5-hesiod - Hesiod map support for autofs, version 5 autofs5-ldap - LDAP map support for autofs, version 5 autofs5 - kernel-based automounter for Linux, version 5 obexfs - mount filesystem of ObexFTP capable devices #apt-get install autofs Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done The following NEW packages will be installed autofs 0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 14 not upgraded. Need to get 112kB of archives. After this operation, 397kB of additional disk space will be used. Get: 1 http://ftp.uk.debian.org lenny/main autofs 4.1.4+debian-2.1 [112kB] Fetched 112kB in 0s (154kB/s) Selecting previously deselected package autofs. (Reading database ... 92145 files and directories currently installed.) Unpacking autofs (from .../autofs_4.1.4+debian-2.1_i386.deb) ... Processing triggers for man-db ... Setting up autofs (4.1.4+debian-2.1) ... Creating config file /etc/auto.master with new version Creating config file /etc/auto.misc with new version Creating config file /etc/auto.net with new version Creating config file /etc/auto.smb with new version Creating config file /etc/default/autofs with new version Starting automounter: loading autofs4 kernel module, no automount maps defined. The file /etc/auto.master primary configuration file also contains mount points and their mappings. The file /etc/sysconfig/autofs contains the default startup directives. 3. I will create a mount point directory /Music, then modify the /etc/auto.shares file to refer to this share directive. # # $Id: auto.master,v 1.4 2005/01/04 14:36:54 raven Exp $ # # Sample auto.master file # This is an automounter map and it has the following format # key [ -mount-options-separated-by-comma ] location # For details of the format look at autofs(5). #/misc /etc/auto.misc --timeout=60 #/smb /etc/auto.smb #/misc /etc/auto.misc #/net /etc/auto.net ###Shares for Music from Media Server#### /Music /etc/auto.shares 4. The syntax for specfifying a share is as follows. <mount-point> <options> <location> I will copy the /etc/auto.misc file to /etc/auto.shares; Then edit the /etc/auto.shares and add the share directive mp3 -fstype=nfs 192.168.1.5:/Music. # $Id: auto.misc,v 1.2 2003/09/29 08:22:35 raven Exp $ # # This is an automounter map and it has the following format # key [ -mount-options-separated-by-comma ] location # Details may be found in the autofs(5) manpage ##Share directive for NTFS Music Share### mp3 -fstype=nfs 192.168.1.5:/Music #cd -fstype=iso9660,ro,nosuid,nodev :/dev/cdrom # the following entries are samples to pique your imagination #linux -ro,soft,intr ftp.example.org:/pub/linux #boot -fstype=ext2 :/dev/hda1 #floppy -fstype=auto :/dev/fd0 #floppy -fstype=ext2 :/dev/fd0 #e2floppy -fstype=ext2 :/dev/fd0 #jaz -fstype=ext2 :/dev/sdc1 #removable -fstype=ext2 :/dev/hdd 5. Without a restart of autofs the mounted filesystems are shown below. #mount /dev/sda1 on / type ext3 (rw,errors=remount-ro) tmpfs on /lib/init/rw type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,mode=0755) proc on /proc type proc (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) procbususb on /proc/bus/usb type usbfs (rw) udev on /dev type tmpfs (rw,mode=0755) tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev) devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,noexec,nosuid,gid=5,mode=620) /dev/sda6 on /home type ext3 (rw) debian:/# /etc/init.d/autofs start Starting automounter: done. 6. Restarting the autofs daemon causes thse changes to take effect. First for the autofs daemon status. #/etc/init.d/autofs status Configured Mount Points: ------------------------ /usr/sbin/automount --timeout=300 /Music file /etc/auto.shares Active Mount Points: -------------------- Then to start the daemon. #/etc/init.d/autofs start Starting automounter: done. Now the daemon status. #/etc/init.d/autofs status Configured Mount Points: ------------------------ /usr/sbin/automount --timeout=300 /Music file /etc/auto.shares Active Mount Points: -------------------- /usr/sbin/automount --pid-file=/var/run/autofs/_Music.pid --timeout=300 /Music file /etc/auto.shares 7. A mount will echo to standard out the entry for the mounted filesystem /Music with pid8493. #mount /dev/sda1 on / type ext3 (rw,errors=remount-ro) tmpfs on /lib/init/rw type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,mode=0755) proc on /proc type proc (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) procbususb on /proc/bus/usb type usbfs (rw) udev on /dev type tmpfs (rw,mode=0755) tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev) devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,noexec,nosuid,gid=5,mode=620) /dev/sda6 on /home type ext3 (rw) automount(pid8493) on /Music type autofs (rw,fd=4,pgrp=8493,minproto=2,maxproto=4) 192.168.1.5:/Music on /Music/mp3 type nfs (rw,addr=192.168.1.5) 8. An #ls -l against this directory shows. #ls -l /Music/mp3/ total 44 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2010-06-10 11:40 deb-packages drwx------ 2 root root 16384 2010-03-21 12:28 lost+found -rwxrwxrwx 1 500 root 35 2010-03-21 12:33 musix.txt drwxr-xr-x 274 root root 16384 2010-03-23 04:35 SoulRnB drw-r-xr-x 11 root root 4096 2010-07-03 23:21 Reggae |
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